Correlation of the Behavior of Female Waitresses at Sports Bars and the

At the point when we go out to eat or drink at a games bar, we normally locate that a greater part of the servers and barkeeps are females. Why would that be, one may inquire. The most clear explanation is that they attract increasingly male clients to drink lager and eat food. In the event that a male supporter were to stroll into a games bar, he would remain longer and go through more cash since he would will in general look at a server that he thought about alluring. Servers for the most part know this so they will in general uncover themselves more and dress appropriately to draw in more folks and ideally to get bigger tips. One barkeep met for this task, who works at Buffalo Wild Wings, would hop on stepping stools behind the bar, to cause to notice herself. She trusted that her activities would bring about the clients giving her a bigger tip than they would otherswise. In view of the tips got, this technique worked. Seeing this intrigued the essayist to investigate the subject of how servers utilize their physical appearance for a superior tip. With further examination, this was demonstrated valid for pretty much every eatery explored. Servers go well beyond from basically applying cosmetics to changing their hair shading, and changing the manner in which they would serve a normal client to meet their requirements. The clients likewise assume a job in the tip given, which can ordinarily be controlled by the sexual orientation, race, age, and associations with the server. In the event that clients would tip dependent on the administration gave, at that point the female servers wouldn’t need to tease or cause the visitor to feel like that need to tip better. Foundation Review of Literature A considerable lot of the sources address the manner in which the servers change their physical appearances and the results. In any case, some likewise talk about the enthusiastic side of the server or the pr... ... Works Cited Gatta, M. (2009). Cafés servers, tipping, and obstruction. Subjective Research in Accounting and Management, 6(1-2), 70-82. Guã ©guen, N. (2012). Hair shading and wages: Waitresses with fair hair have a fabulous time. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(4), 370-372. Guã ©guen, N. (2009). Menstrual cycle stages and female receptivity to a romance requesting: An assessment in a dance club. Advancement and human conduct, 30(5), 351-355. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.004 Jacob, C., Guã ©guen, N., Boulbry, G., and Ardiccioni, R. (2009). Servers' facial beauty care products and tipping: A field analyze. Worldwide Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.04.003 McCall, M., and Lynn, A. (2009). Café servers' impression of client tipping goals. Worldwide Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190.

Grand Alliance 1945

?For what reason did the establishments for question and doubt between the individuals from the Grand Alliance as of now exist by 1945? In 1945 the war had been battled on one side by the countries of Great Britain, USA and USSR, the individuals from the Grand Alliance accomplished triumph in WW2. It was a higher priority than any time in recent memory the successful forces stayed joined as they confronted the colossal assignment of recreating war torn Europe. Be that as it may, as they tried to do this, their solidarity was at that point debilitated by the presence of doubt and doubts between them.Despite the outward appearance of solidarity, these countries were in a general sense separated by their ideological contention which had just existed between them since 1917: the differences and strains they encountered; and their contending points and desire for the fate of post-war Europe on which their social orders were based. The basic battle between the socialist arrangement of USSR and industrialist thoughts of USA and Great Britain ideological competition is clear to be the most critical clarification for the presence of question and doubt between them.Due to the reality, it lies at the premise of the other easygoing elements. The drawn out issues of their ideological competition which was available between the USSR and the West since the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 was a critical contributory factor in the improvement of an unfriendly connection between them. The extraordinary force contention was clear during the long periods of 1917 to 1941; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 saw the ascent of Lenin which implied an ascent in Communism. It very well may be said the Soviet international strategy was driven by socialist belief system as opposed to national security.This was a danger of an authoritarian state. Philosophy of Marxism was strange to the USA as left wing legislative issues were inconceivable; this was particularly compromising as Marxist belief s ystem saw the demolition of industrialist social orders, for example, the USA. Its libertarian esteems and its assaults on the opportunities held to be so significant in a Liberal Democracy. Truman embraced a grating approach to battle spread of socialism towards the Soviet Union; in 1945 he censured USSR’s outside priest Molotov, over Soviet control of Poland.A more prominent wellspring of dread in the West was the socialist confidence in the inescapable clash among private enterprise and socialism sees. The possibility of socialism prevailing to overall upheaval and this implied the destruction of private enterprise. Moreover, Europe confronted the developing danger from Nazi Germany. In the long stretches of 1939 saw the presentation of a non-hostility settlement among Russia and Germany. Seen by numerous individuals as what gave Hitler the certainty to attack Poland which started WW2.Stalin dreaded Germany would conflict with them in war and were not prepared arms savvy i n the fight to battle against them. It very well may be said Hitler didn’t need to battle war on both East and West fronts, that’s why he needed to assault Poland, previously accomplishing assuming control over Czechoslovakia. These methodologies were dismissed by the British government whose ideological resistance to Fascist Germany. Their disparities in belief system made British doubts to ascend, as Stalin gave off an impression of being affirmed in August, in the perspective on the British creation the episode of war in Europe inevitable.1941, when the Grand Alliance was shaped, it was out of a shared need to crush a shared adversary (Hitler. ) Not a characteristic partnership of partners yet a coalition of ideological foes. The doubt and question connection between them kept on existing beneath the surface. This assists with clarifying why in spite of the shallow demonstration of solidarity, there were broad dissimilarities and strains in their wartime relationshi p which further served to fuel the inert antagonistic vibe between them. The strands in the Grand Alliance were because of the ideological doubts that emerged between them.The contradictions that they encountered in the years developing to 1945, was because of the reality their key characters and how they managed circumstances. The requirements and weight they were placed in as national pioneers, added to their layer of doubt and doubt between them. In spite of improved relations there were additionally breaks in the Soviet-American Alliance during the long periods of 1942 to 1944. Different sides contended about the opening of a subsequent war front against Germany; as Stalin needed the USA and Great Britain to attack Western Europe so as to diminish pressure on the Red Army in the east.Knowing that Stalin moved toward an alternate part of initiative, with his broken character and dubious nature, he stayed careful about industrialist West power, activities that the USA decide to ta ke just demonstrated his xenophic style of administration to be communicated in his legislature. As ahead of schedule as 1942, Roosevelt vowed to this anyway his following activities added to the doubts. At long last the D Day arrivals didn’t happen until June 1944; meanwhile a large number of Russians had kicked the bucket. The distraction with Stains fixation on Soviet security, USA wasn’t in a situation to acknowledge USSR profound feeling of frailty in 1945.This postpone drove Stalin’s doubts that USA and Britain were trusting that Germany and the USSR would ‘kill each other off. ’ This hypothesis was seen by numerous individuals; the revisionist. They affirmed the USA’s strategies of entrepreneur expansionist, for example, not helping USSR, was essentially answerable for the beginning of the Cold War. The war never observed Russia and the USA battle nearby one another. Additionally, Soviet covert agents penetrated the Manhattan Project i n Los Alamos, New Mexico where US researchers were endeavoring to construct the principal nuclear bomb; this soviet activity was on a monstrous scale.The leftover shared doubt and contradiction on explicit issues, (the subsequent front) recommends the different sides had just questioned each other by 1945; because of their phenomenal collaboration. Thinking about all the variables, just whenever you get the chance to get them into a nearby contact that’s when belief system competition turns into the most huge factor in the establishments for doubt and doubt between the individuals from the Grand Alliance. The strains caused between them in the development by 1945, may have been an extreme trigger to anguish the question and suspicion.Never the less, ideological competition is an impetus as far as in quickening a distinction between them. Along these lines, driving the individuals to have totally extraordinary contending points and aspirations in post-war Europe. Developing pr essures and doubts between the individuals from Grand Alliance which previously existed through their ideological contention and strains directed them to having inverse points and desire in post-war Europe. The truth of Soviet Union and the West having diverse contending points and desire just put the last layer of the question and doubt to turn into a disturbing problem.Despite having won the war together, the USA and USSR confronted the post-war world with a bigger number of contrasts than similitudes. Stalin requests in regards to Germany where that the eventual fate of the Soviet Union was to be made sure about, to forestall repercussions of the impacts of WW2 happen once more, for example, 2,700,000 of its residents being murdered. Additionally, the chance of agreeable governments and he needed to look for retribution as the entire of Russia was crushed; 70,000 towns were pulverized. The odds of USSR accomplishing these points seeing Germany were far-fetched as the West would b e against them.The question and doubts which had just been embedded in the leaders’ minds caused the USA not to contribute, as a result of the danger of effect in ideological contrasts. In any case, they agreed in the standard of separating and possessing Germany among the triumph and have a mutual objective of proceeded with collaboration after war; this could revive the trust between them. In 1944, they had distinctive belief system which depended on their diverse monetary and political thoughts inside their administration. This was apparent in their socialist and industrialist ideas.USA had a fixed thought regarding the state of the world economy after the war. USA had become solid supporters of unhindered commerce, the unlimited trade of products between countries dependent on their entrepreneur thoughts. Singular nations ought to work in Open Door arrangements, having creation and appropriation of merchandise ought to be on obligation of a private area and not the state. In any case, USA points and aspirations for a free market were totally unique to those of USSR government, they saw the inclination of the order economy and state control necessary.The economy of the administration was composed along the socialist budgetary standards, an order economy. Moreover, their points and aspirations likewise varied in political belief system. Where the USA was supportive of (liberal majority rules system) popular government and right, a framework where by the right to speak freely of discourse was clear which shaped the premise of the post-war Europe. These rights were unbelievable in the USSR and were not seen as major or significant; as they were as opposed to the thoughts of USA.The dread of industrialist thoughts spreading towards the East added to the question and doubt of Stalin; as his job was an expansionist socialist. They had confidence in (one-party state) the right to speak freely of discourse and disputes were not endured in any premise, inside a gathering or society on the loose. Alongside that, the ongoing obliterating impacts of WW2 for Russia, Stalin sought after in making a belt of neighborly states on Russia’s western fringe. USSR had experience doubt and twice in Stalin’s lifetime Russia had been attacked by Germany through these eastern neighbors, he yearned for a feeling of security.But, Roosevelt needed no realms or effective reach on the planet. He accepted that all states reserved no privilege to self-assurance. Their disparities in post-war understandings included strain in their delicate relationship. These occasions would plant the seeds for the possible breakdown of the Grand Alliance; these can be identified in the understandings made at Yalta despite the fact that unexpectedly th

Analysis of Virgin Australia- Online Air Ticketing System

Questions : 1. What are the significant business goals and procedures (activities) that the aircraft organization does? 2. Rundown the data frameworks and subsystems that are utilized to help their gateway and portray how they are identified with the general business goals and procedures. In the event that the specific Information System can't be recognized, at that point utilize the nonexclusive terms for the suitable Information Systems (a case of a conventional name is Supply Chain Management framework). 3. Detail the situations you created and how the clients you watched associated with the framework when doing the errands of those situations. 4. Prescribe upgrades to the framework and depict the systematic outcomes. For example, not all aircrafts give frameworks to online registration. On the off chance that the organization were to include such usefulness, what do the examiners need to consider? 5. Depict the partners in question. Who right? For what reason do investigators need to think about their inclinations? 6. Talk about, in detail, the information assortment strategies you used to respond to the above inquiries. Depict how other information assortment methods could be utilized to accumulate additional data. It is safe to say that you are Daunted by the Thought of Due Assignments? Benefit Our Services and Receive Assignment Help from Experts. Answers: 1. What are the significant business goals and Operations of Virgin Australia? Virgin gathering go into the carrier market of Australia in 2000. In the wake of beginning their business Virgin gets more extensive difficulties to their rivals same industry. Nonetheless, in 2011, the name of Virgin Blue changed into Virgin Australia. The CEO of Virgin Australia John Borghetti said that that organization is the second biggest armada specialist organizations around the world. In aircraft industry, Virgin Australia is most popular for biggest armada administration from the view purposes of size. The organization built up their business with the extraordinary exercises of initiative and the executives. The organization maintains their business in a remarkable economic situation more than year and a half. The significant goals of Virgin Australias business are to turn into the pioneer in worldwide premium aircraft showcase (Garay Bezanilla, 2013). So as to accomplish the enormous piece of the overall industry and become the pioneer in carrier advertise, Virgin Australia offers types of assistance dependent on clients viewpoint. As per the CEO of Virgin Australia, clients are the core of the organization. The organization consistently attempts to furnish exceptional purchaser involvement in their flying. For satisfy the interest of each client, Virgin Australia reliably high help, for example, separate the class dependent on cost. The most significant technique for Virgin Australias administration is that they furnishes security first and act with the trustworthiness and uprightness. 2. Rundown of Information System and sub framework that used to help the entrance just as by and large business procedures and goals of Virgin Australia. In the business procedure of Virgin Australia, the organization coordinated a few data frameworks inside their gateway for book of pass to the client. These are E-Ticketing Systems, Internet Booking framework, Book ticket by means of Kiosk and ATM, for telephonic booking joining of call focus, incorporation of major worldwide conveyance (Fan, 2012). The current online reservation arrangement of Virgin Australia was structured dependent on the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http) and the customer server engineering. This was intended to encourage the client for consistent schedule hold flights and book flight. Aside from that, the online reservation entryway of Virgin Australia, for example, www.virginaustralia.com was additionally planned with the great human PC. It permits the organization to give office to the client to book ticket in online fromany place. Through the structured entrance of virgin Australia, clients can sign on to the webpage and make their ticket reservation from w herever and the organization coordinated compensation buddy framework for secure installment that permitted to pay for the booking tickets on the web. Web Booking For the web booking framework, the product fashioner of Virgin Australia planned two kind of engineering including conventional programming focused design and administration situated design. Conventional programming focused engineering was intended for the application programming of ticketing operator work area that runs without web administration for booking the ticket or hold the flight (Hamilton Sankaranarayanan, 2013). Then again, administration arranged engineering was intended for the appropriation framework where specialists can book ticket or hold the flight on the web. So as to planned the design of administration arranged framework different advancements were utilized, for example, Web Service Description Language (WSDL), Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI), Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) and Simple Access Objective Protocol (SOAP) Data System for ticket booking: The structured data framework is utilized for the assortment of information or data that identifies with ticket booking and the information procedure for constant use just as contain real data. Be that as it may, the executed data framework utilizing hyper content exchange convention permits the organization in enveloping the information gathering data from the clients (Katkat, 2014). Aside from that, the planned data framework for ticket booking observing information transmits and gets information the system. The executives of Information System: Management Information System is utilized for the administration of social occasion information and data regarding settling on choice and makes a report about the summery of data framework. Exchange Processing System: Transaction Processing System was structured through the WSDL (Web Server Description Language) for assortment of data, business handling framework, alteration or cancelation the exchange, and so forth (Flood et al. 2011). The structured exchange process framework was bolster different clients immediately on the grounds that it was planned by the engineer for concurrent use. Exchange Processing System of Virgin Australia by and large put away the data in the database of the association (Puhe et al. 204). The gathered information are utilized for different reason for the organization, for example, wages,summarization of stock, planning of assembling, register checking, charging, and so on. Common Networks and External System: The regular system of Virgin Australia was planned dependent on the hyper content exchange convention as far as encouraging the human mind. Be that as it may, the structured system of Virgin Australia is utilized for the learning and recollecting the data. Despite what might be expected, master arrangement of the organization was structured utilizing the UDDI technique (Silva Ferreira, 2014). This is the information based framework for Virgin Australia and use for examining information and delivering results for proposals. Choice Support System: Decision Support System was planned in the business procedure of Virgin Australia for investigating the gathered information that put away in database. Choice Support System helps the organization in creating factual projections just as the information models. Choice Support framework permits the carrier firm to improve the administration quality instead of substitution of staffs or administrators choice. The CEO of Virgin Australia said that created Decision Support System helps the organization in taking care of issues during the organization utilize outer information for dynamic procedure. E-Ticketing E-ticketing approach required by the organization so as to supplant the customary paper of booking ticket data. The procedure of e-ticketing framework permits the client in supplanting traditional paper ticket with e-ticket. Virgin Australia utilizing e-ticketing method gives message or data to clients about the subtleties of their booking data and the registration framework in air terminal help the e-ticketing innovation and encourage the client to check their data itself (Mayes et al. 2009). Virgin Australia appropriately builds up the information security for their e-ticketing framework utilizing the ET innovation. It permits in building trust of client t Virgin Australia. E-ticket administration encourages the business procedure of virgin Australia because of its ease of use since it is anything but difficult to explore. 3. Subtleties of the situation that created and the association framework that complete the undertaking of those situation. Case Scenario of Request Flight Information Name Solicitation for the accessible data about Flight Rundown Client put the booking information with the takeoff date and goal city into the e-ticketing reservation framework. The planned framework asks about the accessible trips of a specific date and speaks to the data for the clients. Fundamental Events Client Framework Utilization of e-ticketing reservation framework presented for the clients Show the UI framework about the flight administration for the clients Chooses Departure Date Select Return Date Pick start City Pick Destination City Pick the full circle or one way venture Pick constant or associations flight administrations Present the measures Approval of information or data about clients Presentations the flight list that accessible on that specific date to meet the standards of clients None None Client Framework Shows the mistake or invalid message for invalid information or contribution of the clients Recognize the message for the clients Presentations the present framework or standards for adjustment to the clients about the craving data of flight administration and keeps on submitting models On the off chance that the information or data put appropriately into the arrangement of e-ticketing reservation on the web and no information or data about flight recognized that shows the message that no flight administration accessible

Online Theft / Cybercrime Against Critical Infrastructure - 825 Words

Online Theft / Cybercrime Against Critical Infrastructure (Essay Sample) Content: Cybercrime against Critical InfrastructureNameInstitutionCybercrime against Critical InfrastructureCybercrime includes crimes such as spamming, hacking and phishing that are committed over the internet or computer systems platform. Due to growing and revolution in technology, cybercrime tactics are also changing and growing every day. More and more criminals are taking advantage of this type of criminal that is done in secret to fulfill their malicious desires. As a result, this predicament should not be taken lightly due to its fast growing nature in relation to technology. Consequently, future possible effects should be peeped at and analyzed forehand to control and curb them. This paper therefore intends to touch on cybercrime in relation to future infrastructure.According to Micro Trend (2015), scenarios of possible future cybercrime in relation to infrastructure should be looked at in the viewpoint of the normal internet user, manufacturers, communication service provider and government. Data ownership should be monitored in a given network system therefore allowing a distinction between misuse of that particular data and legitimacy. The vicious attacks on significant infrastructures and vital assets are on the rise. Cybercriminals are no longer restricted to the cyber world. They are now targeting power grids, water supply systems, and other fundamental services, intimidating our very way of life and global security.Global political tensions have also escalated as a result of cybercrime. Different countries invest on spies to hack network systems of other countries. This promotes tensions and creation of rifts among those particular countries. In addition, the high speed internet that is evolving regularly encourages hackers speed to access private information of individuals hence proof of future consequences of cybercrime.As a matter of fact, data exchange is not free and there are a lot of financial transactions involved. To ensure that these finances do not go to waste as a result of cybercrime, associated parties dealing with cybercrime should devise possible ways of compensation in terms of data recovery and financial reward respectively. In addition, governance of network infrastructure should be both locally and globally to ensure that critical issues such as global terrorism are controlled. This will be possible if states come together as a team not only in future but also presently because terrorism is at this time a global crisis. As much as we anticipate future solutions, present measures should also be contemplated.In relation with Trend Micro (2015), future infrastructure will also be hampered by cybercrime when public and private sectors do not come together jointly to fight this threat. Protection of infrastructure must be a joint undertaking and responsibility as a result it should start from the organization. When organization has the ability to monitor and thwart cybercrime, then relevant associates or security agencies will have simple tasks of just apprehending the culprits. Furthermore, governments should release funds to train and inform the general public on how to learn tactics of defense in relation to cybercrime as far as future preparation is concerned. This can be done through formation of small groups in the community to be trained network defense tactics. When a particular section in the community are informed about cybercrime then that means the all community is informed. This initiative will be a vital tool in the community especially to youths who are recruited by terrorist groups through internet.According to info security (2009), it is also important that cybercrime be classified into groups so as to come up with appropriate ways to charge each one of them. A hacker, prankster, cyber bully, cyber terrorism must all be distinguished from one another. Each one is different from the other though malicious and dangerous cybercrime such as terrorism can hide their motives under simple cybercrimes such as spamming, phishing and other related simple cyber abuse. A crime is a crime irrespec...

‘Federal Government Increasingly Dominates State...

A2 politics Jess Waldron ‘Federal government increasingly dominates state governments in the USA.’ Discuss The United States of America have a federal constitution, where the President of the United States, Congress, and the judiciary share powers, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. This is the stark opposite to the unitary system in the UK where sovereignty lies in parliament and some powers are given to local assemblies. There are many types of federalism; all have been a dominant influence in the American political system at some point due to the style of leadership brought in by each new presidential candidate. Throughout U.S. history, the division of power between the federal†¦show more content†¦Federalism is a dual (split in two) system of sovereignty, splitting power between a central government and various state governments. Both the federal and state governments can directly govern citizens through their own officials and laws. The resulting Constitution allowed powers for both federal and state governments. Each had some separate powers and some shared powers. A federalist called John Marshall, as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, made decisions favoring a strong federal government over state government power. In Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marshall used judicial review (where the Court is the government body to decide whether laws are constitutional), this was used in accordance with the principles and power established by the Constitution. By the late 1930s, the Great Depression resulted in a dramatic change. The idea of federalism and Marshalls earlier positions returned. In West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937) the Court extended federal power to regulate some economic activities within states. Under a broadened Commerce Clause interpretation, federal powers expanded at the expense of state powers and emphasis on the Tenth Amendment declined. The Court in NLRB v. United States (1936) reaffirmed the Wagner Act which brought labor relations under federal oversight. In addition, the Social Security Act creating a national retirement fund, passed in 1935.Show MoreRelatedAlevels Sociology3511 Words   |  15 PagesCHAPTER 1: 1. ‘Social order may be the product of consensus or coercion, depending on which sociological perspective is adopted.’ Explain and discuss. 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Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 964 Words

In the novel Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass written by Frederick Douglass, Mr. Douglass delivers valuable lessons by relaying his own life story. Douglass helps readers realize how powerful the mind can be. First, Douglass is able to show how the mind of person can still be psychological strong enough to survive and excel in the poverty and circumstances he was introduced to in his early life. Also, Douglass is able to identify the power of slavery to be in direct connection to the slave-owners’ ability to entrap the mind. A significant lesson that Douglass also brought to readers’ attention is the ability of the mind to make a person believe, even at times of haunting sin, that their actions are righteous. Frederick Douglass’ novel is a great motivational resources that help remind society that the mind is a powerful tool. At times when life seems to be at its lowest, the mind is able to trick the spirit into believing there is still good on the hor izon. This trick is sometimes considered to equivalent be the powerful message of hope. Frederick Douglass displays this trait on countless scenarios throughout the novel, which allows himself to persevere through the hardest conditions. For instance, Douglass’ text reads, â€Å"I date the entertainment of a deep conviction that slavery would not always be able to hold me within its foul embrace; and in the darkest hours of my career in slavery, this living word of faith and spirit of hope departed not from me, butShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass987 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Frederick In the â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself† Frederick reveled to audience the time he was living as a slave and the moments of brutal treats for example psychological, emotional and physical abuses. He was suffering terrible moments during his 20 years as a slave in the twentieth century. In addition, he describes in his own words the strategies he used to escape from the slave holders and to be free. This story the â€Å"Narrative of theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1730 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most well-known slavery narratives was lived and written by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was a civil rights activist who was born into slavery on a plantation in eastern Maryland in February 1818. His exact birth date is unknown, he states in his narrative, â€Å"I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.†2 His birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, which was given by hisRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesDate Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have pennedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literatu re and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1257 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review By Mary Elizabeth Ralls Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass: An autobiography written by Frederick Douglass Millennium publication, 1945edition 75 pages Frederick Douglass whose real name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey approximately birthdate is in1818, the month or day is not known, he died in 1895. He is one of the most famous advocates and the greatest leaders of anti-slavery in the past 200 or so years.Read MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoutherners believed that one of the most essential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1363 Words   |  6 Pages In The Narrative of the Life of Frederic k Douglass, Frederick Douglass portrays the importance of education because of its influence in leveling the playing field between the races in the 1800s. Education and knowledge are themes that are heavily dwelled upon throughout the novel, inspiring the reader to see the full power of such important ideals and to take the full advantage of both at all times. Douglass gives the reader a new appreciation for education as he delivers his message regardingRead MoreThe Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1527 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered â€Å"property† of their slaveholders and had no control over their own life. They were victims of psychological and physical brutal treatment. This story represents confinement, slavery and the lack of power African people had in such a racist society back in those days. African talents were absolutely wasted and they were considered inferior to white individuals. The â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† sim ply addresses that white society was causing negative effects to itself andRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1255 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass, throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, uses religion to get many of his points across. In one way, religion plays a huge role in Douglass’ ability to become literate throughout the text. With the Bible and other Christian texts, Douglass is able to further his ability and the ability of others to read. This becomes important because as Douglass points out the slaveholders believe a literate slave is not a good slave. This union of literacy and religion show theRead MoreNarrative Of Life Of Frederick Douglass1271 Words   |  6 Pagesof many famous quotes by Frederick Douglass that illustrates that no dream or hope can be achieved without any action. In his autobiography Narrative of Life of Frederick Douglass, he outlines his life as a slave and his journey towards freedom through his de sire for education. In Narrative of Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, the story expresses repression that slaves experienced through Douglass’s related experiences as a slave. The obstacles that Douglass conquers to achieve his education

Assess The Strengths And Limitations Of free essay sample

# 8216 ; verite # 8217 ; Documentary Essay, Research Paper The manner of film verite originated in France during the 1950 # 8217 ; s and `60 # 8217 ; s. It was developed by Drew and Leacock at this clip, and was besides taken up in Britain, as it was seen capable of offering a new documental experience. Verite as a term is frequently interchangeable with similar footings such as fly on the wall, or experimental film. Whilst there are elusive differnces between the related manners, for case, the presence of camera and crew is more expressed in experimental film, for the intents of this essay it is possibly best to see all these manners under the common verite streamer. It is the intent of this essay to discourse in what sense verite can be seen as the most direct type of docudrama, why this `directness # 8217 ; has generated intuition as to its cogency, within its audience, and to what extent this intuition is justified. Possibly one ground why verite is seen as the most direct signifier of docudrama can be found in the it employs during the movie doing procedure. For illustration, verite is minimalist in footings of directoral intercession, and conveys a sense in which the spectator is given a direct position of what was really go oning in forepart of camera on the twenty-four hours of shooting. All this is exacerbated by the absence of T.V. lighting and the rareness of interviews, although verite has progressively utilised `the interview # 8217 ; for intents of coherency. Another characteristic of the verite manner is that it tends to concentrate on extremely spatialised, tight topics. Again this is to show a more consistent image to the spectator, although this besides increases the `directness # 8217 ; of the genre, in that the facts we learn about the group are non blurred by an overload of more general information, as would be the instance were the focal point more widespread. Despite being seen as the most direct signifier of docudrama there are a figure of jobs built-in in the genre which have caused it to be viewed with some intuition. One of the chief jobs centres around the extent to which verite can be seen as offering a `real # 8217 ; or `true # 8217 ; image of the topic it is involved in. Luckacs, for case, has claimed that the cameras attending to the # 8220 ; here and now # 8221 ; is an unequal manner of cognizing. Events, objects and phenomena et cetera are all caught in procedure of alteration and a web of causal dealingss that require representation if the `true # 8217 ; narrative is to be to the full understood. Luckacs claims, nevertheless, that # 8220 ; # 8230 ; the extended entirety of world is beyond the range of any artistic creation. # 8221 ; . In short, he is connoting that verite is incapable of offering a true image of its topic because, as an attack to documentary, it is so limited in its range. This position can be linked to Dai Vaughan s remarks in his book # 8220 ; Television Documentary Usage # 8221 ; . He claimed that verite docudrama shapers are more interested in utilizing indexal instead than iconic symbols in their movies. Vaughan uses the illustration of a brick wall in his statement, claiming that in a fiction movie a brick wall is iconic in that it does non count which brick wall is filmed every bit long as representation of a brick wall is shown. However, in a verite docudrama, the brick wall, as constructed by the spectator upon seeing the image, must bear a alone relation to the brick wall which is really before the camera. From this statement we can presume that the `realness # 8217 ; of the objects/people/places etc shown in movie, is important to the verite attack. Yet, if we believe Luckacs remarks we must presume that verite, due to its limited range, is incapable of showing a existent, or true image of events. In this sense verite is limited, and any effort it makes to show a image of world m ust be viewed with intuition. Verite has besides come across jobs built-in in the topics it tackles. Many verite programmes have been attacked because it is felt that they are non showing a typical illustration of the wider subjects they are undertaking. This was notably the instance in series # 8217 ; such as # 8220 ; The Family # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; The Living Soap # 8221 ; , where the programmes were being broadcast as they were being filmed. This created a state of affairs, as in # 8220 ; The Living Soap # 8221 ; , where alternatively of watching a programme about six typical pupils in their day-to-day lives, we were watching a programme about six immature people who happened, but more significantly, had found a new famous person position, exacerbated by visual aspects in adolescent magazines and on daytime T.V.. As a consequence, the programme was frequently more about how the participants dealt with their famous person position, instead than how they dealt with the typic al twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life of a pupil. There have besides been accusals that the topics of verite movies act up to the camera, or chair their behavior as a consequence of its presence. For illustration, Colin Young, in hisd article about Paul Watsons series # 8220 ; The Family # 8221 ; claims that during an statement between female parent and girl in one episode he # 8220 ; # 8230 ; sensed that Margaret Wilkins [ the female parent ] was seting the brakes on for the camera # 8211 ; non altering her place, but altering the manner she expresses it. # 8221 ; . Further on he claims that Mrs Wilkins # 8220 ; # 8230 ; sees herself as a representative and she casts herself as the built in interviewer. # 8221 ; . Such behavior has been viewed with intuition by verites critics because it shows how this documental signifier can alter world. The docudrama shapers can besides be seen to pull strings participants behaviour for the camera. A good illustration of this c an be found in Maggie O # 8217 ; Kanes article on # 8220 ; The Living Soap # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; The strain is unrelenting. Mark, a medical pupil wants to phone a friend to happen out the consequence of the afternoons rugby lucifer but a research worker is sent to state him non to do the call until the crew is ready. Marks mate is non home yet so the manager says they will try again in ten minutes. They all sit around on the purple and black couch waiting to try again.†. Infact the input of the film maker is often at the root of the suspicion felt towards verite. The feeling is that documentary makers manipulate reality, be it consciously or subconsciously, to such an extent that the film becomes merely a vague impression of what would actually have occurred were the film not being made. The presence of the camera is often seen as the reason for this. Indeed, the B.B.C.’s â€Å"Principles and practice in documentary programmes† claimed that the recording equipment was â€Å"†¦a constant obstruction between the producer and his subject.†. Tyrell argued that â€Å"it is not the documentary film makers who are dishonest it is the form itself that is flawed by its own internal contradictions. It purports to show us reality, but what we see is inevitably an illusion. A documentary has to be constructed and contrived. Thin gs have to be included and excluded.†. Audiences are often distrustful of what has been excluded, largely because they do not know whether any crucial information has been edited. Often things are left out because they are deemed unsuitable for T.V. audiences. One of the students in â€Å"The Living Soap† was heard berating the role of sex and drugs in the average students life. In his view the programme was not presenting a true picture, and the question of editing is often a reason for suspicion of verite in the wider audience. A number of ethical problems surrounding verite have also aroused suspicion within the audience. Grierson claimed that verite was dangerous because it is â€Å"†¦so open to exploitation by the provincially minded or the second rate.†. Indeed questions continually surround programmes such as â€Å"Sylvania Waters† or â€Å"The Living Soap† asking how ethical or exploitative it is to invade a persons privacy to such an e xtent. Suspicion towards verite could be said to be grounded here in that people are distrustful of film makers who are prepared to `exploit’ people to such an extent. However, there is a sense in which verite can combat all these weaknesses and emerge as a useful and interesting form of documentary. For example, in his style of film making, Roger Graef has claimed that verite is far from unethical because the participants in the documentarys han#ve the power to stop filming, or demand a certain sscene be cut. This idea that the participants `know what they are letting themselves in for’ takes away from the notion that they are being exploited. To counteract the argument that verite is unable to convey a true picture of reality one could look to the writings of Andre Bazin. For example, â€Å"The aesthetic qualities of photography are to be sought in its power to lay bare the realities†¦Only the impassive lens, stripping the object of all those ways of seeing ità ¢â‚¬ ¦is able to present it in all its virginal purity.†. Roger Graef is perhaps rather more realistic when he accepts that the presence of a camera and crew can effect the actuality of the subject being tackled. However, he claims that verite film makers such as himself have never purported to be filming reality as it would be were they not present. â€Å"All we have endeavoured to do in devising a new set of procedures in our film making, is to minimise the effect of our presence.† Paul Watson echoed Graeffs sentiments in his production of â€Å"The Family†. He and his crew arrived before the family got up and left after they went to bed. No T.V. lighting was used and the series was filmed through a hand held camera. It is felt this helped the programmes participants get used to the set up more easily, and whilst it did not present events as they would have occurred without the cameras presence, it did allow the subjects to carry on in an entirely different way than would have been allowed using more conventional film making procedures. As regards the editing of verite films, it could be said that bearing in mind the large amount of material during the making of most verite films it is necessary, for the purposes of coherency, to bring some order and construction to the material on hand. Also, this large editing ratio suggests that it is possible for the film maker to get a clearer idea of what is happening as the subject under scrutiny unfolds. Roger Graef claims that â€Å"†¦the B.B.C. Green book on documentary suggests you spend a day or two watching what happens and then you are suddenly an expert on what’s typical.† He claims that this method forms pre conceived ideas of the way the film is going to go which makes for `unreal’ film making. â€Å"We try to pay some sort of respect all the way through the process to what is actually happening and to what it tells us.†. In conclusion, It could be said th at features of verite such as the editing process, the manipulation of the subjects by the film makers, and the reaction of the participants towards being filmed are inherent weaknesses of the genre and arouse suspicions within its audience thus rendering it useless. However, equally one could say that verite, through its direct approach and realistic style offers a unique insight into real life. Most verite documentarists appear to accept that the genre has its weaknesses, not least of which appears to be the way in which the camera distorts the viewers image of reality. However, it seems clear that aspects of real life do come through very strongly in verite film, and perhaps the reason why so many people are suspicious of it is because it is so realistic. As Roger Graef commented on the public outcry over the series â€Å"The Family†, To present to British families other British families, unexplained, is to confront them most uncomfortably. And they panic, lest the box tur n into a mirror.

Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries Essay Example

Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries Essay Dissertation Submitted to the Dr. D. Y. Patil University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of The Degree of MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted by: Ankit Sharma [pic] Current Future Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries with respect to SCI Ltd. Dissertation Submitted to the Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award ofThe Degree of MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [pic] DECLARATION I hereby declare that the dissertation Current Future Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries with respect to SHIPPING CO OPRATION OF INDIA Ltd (SCI). submitted for the MBA Degree at Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil University’s Department of Business Management is my original work and the dissertation has not formed the basis for the award of any degree, associate ship, fellowship or any other similar titles. Place: Navi Mumbai Date:ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A lot of people have contributed in making this project report by giving me the required knowledge and time. I would like to thank all of them. It is because of their continued assistance and competence that I have been able to reach this milestone. for instilling confidence in me to carry out this study and extending his valuable guidance and encouragement from time to time, without which it would not have been possible to undertake and complete this project within the stipulated time.The route of this service is as follows: Colombo/Mundra/JebelAli/Mundra/Pipavav/JNP/Cochin/Tuticorin. We will write a custom essay sample on Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Potential of Export of Good to Gulf Countries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer SCI also provides services to other upper-Gulf ports like Bahrain, Bandar Abbas, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait, and Muscat via Jebel Ali. The SCI began operating this new independent weekly service from March 2008 to the Gulf, with three owned 1600 TEU (1800 TEU nominal) vessels, on a round voyage schedule of 21 days. In December 2008, the SMILE service was expanded to carry feeder and coastal cargoes on the west coast of India. Through the SMILE service, the SCI has commenced a coastal service on the west coast of India between Mundra, Cochin and Tuticorin from December 2008.The main objective of this study is to ascertain the future exports of goods services to gulf countries in relationship with Shipping Corporation of India (SCI). Focus of the research would be to find out which gulf country’s economy will ascend in the near future its repercussions on the consumption pattern of the gulf countries, what will be the demand condition, market potential in the current economic scenario in the near future in terms of Export Import trade. The recommendations suggestions will focus on which products should be exported to the gulf countries by The Shipping Corporation of India to increase their overall profitability. Comprehensive study on linear service provided by the Shipping Corporation of India the marketing aspects related to it.The study involves in finding out the current players in the container trade to gulf countries, what are the major commodities that are exported, what is the vessel size if it is a weekly service. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION About Shipping Industry About Shipping Industry We live in a global society which is supported by a global economy – and that economy simply could not function if it were not for ships and the shipping industry. Shipping is truly the lynchpin of the global economy: without shipping, intercontinental trade, the bulk transport of raw materials and the import/export of affordable food and manufactured go ods would simply not be possible.Of all the sectors that make up the global transport infrastructure, shipping probably has the lowest public profile and the least representative public image. Its importance is not well known although not a single area of our life remains unaffected by it. In the recent past developing countries have put the pedal on the gas and have raced ahead from the developed countries in case of the international trade. The growth in international trade, removal of trade barriers being the principal reason, has made the developing countries to concentrate more on the improvement of their infrastructure, like roads, airports, seaports, which play a vital role in the development of the economy.Product storage, along with the capacity to move large shipments have placed the shipping industry in a very advantageous position. Containerization, multi-modal transport services, advancement of marine engineering technology, specialized systems, and computerization have contributed towards making sea transport as a prime mode for movement of internationally traded goods. However, the development of shipping industry in a country also depends on its population density, economic advancement and many other inter-related conditions, like port and refueling capacities. CHAPTER-2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT Primary Objective:Objective of the study is to find the current future potential of export of goods to Persian Gulf countries in relationship with Shipping Corporation of India. Secondary Objective: and Gulf countries for the year 2012-13 Secondary objective of the study is as mentioned below:- †¢ Current scenario of the global shipping industry †¢ India’s contribution to the world trade †¢ Total number of commodities exported imported by India †¢ Total number of commodities exported to and imported from Gulf countries in the year 2010-11 †¢ Potential future export of commodities between India a nd Gulf countries †¢ Competitor Analysis †¢ Major commodities exported to Gulf countries †¢ List of documents required by the shipping vessels †¢ Comprehensive study on the liner service Trade study of last 3 years †¢ Projections of the trade between India CHAPTER-3 LITERATURE REVIEW LITERATURE REVIEW International Shipping Industry Benefits from Recent Tax Changes: Certified Public Accountant Lifson, David A; Bentley, Peter E. The CPA Journal[pic]75. 6[pic] (Jun 2005): 48-52. Despite its continuing importance, the shipping industry has lost most of the prestige it held in this country. One reason is that although several U. S. shipping companies are publicly traded, the nation is less well represented in international shipping than in other, comparable global industries. To partially address this complaint, and in an attempt to incentivize the U. S. hipping industry, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 includes four measures-the deferral of freight tax r egulations; changes to the controlled foreign corporation rules; changes to the foreign tax credit rules; and the introduction of a tonnage tax for qualified entities-that represent a dramatic change in federal tax policy and will likely make the U. S. environment more attractive to businesses engaged in U. S. -international shipping. The tax changes described in this article will have broad impact and are designed to change the risk-reward assumptions that the industry had come to accept. Over the coming months, ship-owners, operators, and financiers will better understand how these changes apply to them, and how they can profit in the new tax environment. The Greek shipping industry Grammenos, Costas T; Choi, Chong Ju International Studies of Management Organization[pic]29. 1[pic] (Spring 1999): 34-52. A wide range of industries are undergoing changes brought on by globalization.Even the Greek shipping industry, traditionally based in Greece with a wide international network, is being forced to make structural adjustments as changes in the regulatory environment demand different means of financing, and these will, in turn, evitably change the competitive structure of the industry. The study analyzes the competitive advantage of ethnically homogeneous business networks with particular reference to the Greek shipping industry. Ethic homogeneity can provide market signals that can compensate for the contract uncertainty arising from the absence of legal means of contract enforcement. Also considered are the implications for shipping regimes such as those involving shipping cartels and safety and environmental concerns. Measuring Success Factors of Quality Management in the Shipping Industry Cheng, T C Edwin, Choy, Petrus W C. Maritime Economics Logistics[pic]9. 3[pic] (Sep 2007): 234-253.It is generally accepted that quality management is considered a valuable competitive factor for firms that confers them competitive advantages and enables them to achieve su perior performance. Although there have been numerous studies examining general quality management practices and implementation, industry-specific studies on quality management practices and factors that influence their success in the shipping industry are rather few. This study seeks to identify the factors that are critical to successful quality management, and attempts to develop a reliable, empirically tested, and rigorously validated measurement instrument for quality management, for the shipping industry. We conducted a large-scale survey of shipping industry executives and applied a rigorous research methodology to treat the survey data.We identified four success factors of quality management, which are top management commitment and participation, quality information and performance measurement, employee training and empowerment, and customer focus, and developed a functional instrument to measure quality management in the shipping industry. This paper contributes to research by identifying the success factors of quality management, and provides managerial insights on the successful management of quality, in the shipping industry. Helping the Shipping Industry to Bounce Back from the Global Challenge in the Face of the Economic Downturn Anonymous. PR Newswire [New York] 11 Jan 2010. More than 40 brilliant speakers from the Chinese government, marine organizations, shipping corporations, and technology providers from all over the world will speak to over 200 attendees active in the industry on the summit themes of efficiency, security, and the environment. Since its creation in 2007, Shipping Tech has encouraged technological development across the shipping industry and established an international forum for cooperation between governments, shipping corporations, ship manufacturing corporations, technology providers and other related industrial elites for the innovation of shipping technology. Liberalization and Deregulation in the Domestic Shipping Indu stry: Effects on Competition and Market Structure Austria, Myrna S. Philippine Journal of Development[pic]30. 1[pic] (2003): 29-69. The paper is organized as follows. The first section discusses the contestability of markets in the shipping industry, including the arguments for and against regulating the industry.The succeeding section examines the policy reforms made through liberalization and deregulation. The effects of the reforms on market structure and competition, including the impact of competition on efficiency, are then analyzed. This is followed by a discussion on the role of the Maritime Industry Authority in a deregulated and liberalized environment. Areas for competition policy and further reforms are then identified. Shipping industry continues to face difficulties Accord Fintech [Mumbai] 10 Feb 2010. Increase in handling of iron ore, thermal coal, petroleum oil and lubricant products (POL) and container traffic were the main factors pushing the cargo volumes.The Balt ic Dry Index (BDI), the global benchmark for shipping freight rates of dry bulk carriers, started recovering in April last year riding on surging commodity demand from China. Indian shipping industry faces negative outlook in 2011: Fitch Anonymous. Asia Pulse [Rhodes] 28 Jan 2011. Fitch Ratings maintains a negative outlook on the Indian shipping industry in 2011, as freight rates will remain depressed because of the demand-supply imbalance caused by a net increase in capacity exceeding demand, it said in a statement. * The ratings firm said that lower freight rates have affected revenue generation across shipping companies, in line with the global trend and said major players will be under pressure in 2011. During 2011, low freight rates are expected across all segments like dry bulkers, tankers and containers, and few Indian shipping companies are expected to undertake aggressive capex plans, it said. Container Shipping Industry Celebrates National Maritime Day Anonymous. PR Newswi re [New York] 21 May 2008. Atlantic Container Line AB, China Shipping (Group) Company, CMA-CGM Group, COSCO, Crowley Maritime Corporation, CSAV (Compania Sud-Americana de Vapores S. A. ), Hanjin Shipping Co. Ltd. , Hapag-Lloyd AG, Hyundai Merchant Marine Co. , Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Maersk Line, Malaysia International Shipping Corporation (MISC), Mediterranean Shipping Co. S. A. (MSC), Mitsui O. S. K.Lines, Neptune Orient Lines Ltd/APL, Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK), Orient Overseas Container Line Ltd (OOCL), Pacific International Lines (Pte) Ltd, United Arab Shipping Co (SAG), Wan Hai Lines Ltd, Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp. , Zim Integrated Shipping Service Ltd. Indian Shipping Industry Carrying Capacity Cross 10 Mln Gt Anonymous. Asia Pulse [Rhodes] 20 Sep 2010. The aim was to provide a level playing field to domestic shipping industry against the international shipping companies and facilitate the growth of Indian tonnage. [ ] the Indian tonnage has steadily grown over the last 5 years from 6. 94 million in April 2004 to the present level, the statement said. Research and Markets; Indian Shipping Industry Economics Week (Mar 23, 2012): 548.The Shipping Industry Sailing through turbulent waters The Shipping industry is highly co-related to the developments in global trade, therefore any adversity in the global economic growth adversely affects the prospects of global shipping fraternity thereby explaining the cyclical nature of the industry. CHAPTER-4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research refers to a search for knowledge. It is a systematic method of collecting and recording the facts in the form of numerical data relevant to the formulated problem and arriving at certain conclusions over the problem based on collected data. Thus formulation of the problem is the first and oremost step in the research process followed by the collection, recording, tabulation and analysis and drawing the conclusions. The problem formulation starts with defining the problem or number of problems in the functional area. To detect the functional area and locate the exact problem is most important part of any research as the whole research is based on the problem. According to Clifford Woody research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions: collecting, organizing and evaluating data: making deductions and reaching conclusions: and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.Research can be defined as the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art In short, the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is research. SOURCES OF DATA: PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION: Primary data are those, which are collected afresh and for the first tim e and thus happen to be original in character, questions and interviews methods were accede to collect primary data by visiting the factory premises and various departments in it. It was collected from the employees working in the factory. By using both the questionnaire method and interview method. I would gather information from the employees. SECONDARY DATA COLLECTIONIt is collected from the internal records of the company such as library records, trade journals, various manuals of the company, various training programs previously conducted and it’s responds etc; It is also conducted from the officials of the pursued department in the factory. Secondary data provides a better view of the problem study many magazines, tools and other references were also mean important in this study. CHAPTER-5 GLOBAL SCENARIO GLOBAL SCENARIO It is generally accepted that more than 90 per cent of global trade is carried by sea. Throughout the last century the shipping industry has seen a gen eral trend of increases in total trade volume.Increasing industrialization and the liberalization of national economies have fuelled free trade and a growing demand for consumer products. Advances in technology have also made shipping an increasingly efficient and swift method of transport. World seaborne trade figures i. e. the amount of goods actually loaded aboard ships have increased considerably since the 70s and in 2008, reached 8. 2 billion tons of goods loaded. As with all industrial sectors, however, shipping is not immune to economic downturns and 2009 witnessed the worst global recession in over seven decades and the sharpest decline in the volume of global merchandise trade.In tandem with the collapse in economic growth and trade, international seaborne trade volumes contracted by 4. 5 per cent and total goods loaded went down to 7. 8 billion tons in 2009. However seaborne trade bounced back in 2010 and grew by an estimated 7 % taking the total of goods loaded to 8. 4 bi llion tons. Developing countries continued to account for the largest share of global seaborne trade (60% of all goods loaded and 56 % of all goods unloaded), reflecting their growing resilience to economic setbacks and an increasingly leading role in driving global trade. Developed economies’ shares of global goods loaded and unloaded were 34 % and 43 % respectively. Transition economies accounted for 6 % of goods loaded and 1 % of goods unloaded. Developing countries are expanding their participation in a range of different maritime businesses. They have growing market shares in more capital-intensive or technologically advanced maritime sectors such as ship construction and ship owning. China and the Republic of Korea between them built 72. 4 per cent of world ship capacity (dwt) in 2010, and 9 of the 20 largest countries in ship owning in January 2011 are developing countries. Dry cargo, including bulk, break bulk, and containerized cargo, accounted for the largest share of goods loaded (66. 3%), while oil made up the balance. Growth in dry bulk trade is estimated at 4. 8% with the five major bulk products, fuelled mainly by the needs of China’s metal industries.In 2010, developed economies recorded positive growth, with their GDP expanding by 2. 5 per cent. The United States and Japan performed better than the European Union, growing respectively by 2. 9 per cent, 4. 0 per cent and 1. 8 per cent. Developing economies and economies in transition continued to drive the global recovery with the rebound being led by large emerging economies, in particular China (10. 3 per cent), India (8. 6 per cent) and Brazil (7. 5 per cent). Almost unburdened by the financial crisis and consequent economic downturn, China, India and other developing countries resumed their expansion by generating their own growth instead of relying on exports to developed economies’ markets.While the Unites States remains the main source of import demand for Asia, Chin a has evolved into an independent engine of regional growth and a larger source of final demand for a number of emerging developing economies, including the Philippines, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan, Province of China. The lead taken by developing countries in powering global growth reflects a shake-up in the world’s economic order which has taken decades to unfold. UNCTAD data show that the share of developing countries in the global economic output rose from about 17 per cent in 1980 to over 28 per cent in 2010, raising the influence of these countries in the world’s economic performance.In 2010, China overtook Japan as the world’s second biggest economy (in nominal terms) and is leading the transformation together with some of the world’s fastest-growing economies such as India and Indonesia. An important economic milestone in 2010 was Brazil’s ranking as the world’s seventh largest economy after surpassing Italy. Goldman Sachs is now predicting that the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) will overtake the G–7 countries in size of their economies by 2018, i. e. much sooner than its original prediction of 2040 made a decade ago. The overall strong performance of developing countries as a group conceals differences between countries and groupings.For example, GDP growth in South Africa (2. 8 per cent) was much lower than the rates recorded by China, India and Brazil. Similarly, the recovery in many of the least developed countries (LDCs) remained below their potential with GDP growth (4. 8 per cent) not returning to its pre-crisis levels. The economic downturn and consequent increase in unemployment, together with the drop in social spending, can cause a serious setback to social equity and poverty alleviation. Although some ground has been gained, between 2007 and the end of 2009, at least 30 million jobs are estimated to have been lost worldwide as a result of the global financia l crisis.The global economy still needs to create at least another 22 million jobs to return to the pre-crisis level of global employment. It is further estimated that 47 million to 84 million more people are falling into or staying in extreme poverty because of the global crisis. While these considerations are not specific to the LDCs, they are nevertheless more detrimental for these countries in view of their inherent vulnerability to any erosion in economic and development gains achieved as part of efforts to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In terms of value of trade, USA is the major country engaged in maritime transport generating 10. 68% of world trade in 2008. Other major countries include Germany (8. 22%), China (7. 91%), and Japan (4. 78%).Among the Asian countries, China is the largest trader with large container port traffic and fleet. China International Marine Containers (CIMC) and Singamas are the two largest container manufacturers, which make China do minate in this field also. India is placed at eighteenth position in the world (with a share of 1. 45%), and seventh position amongst Asian countries. Table no. 5. 1 Growth of world output 2005 2013 [pic] [pic] Effects of the Global Slowdown Shipping Industry has been widely impacted given the economic slowdown of 2008 and 2009. Since the demand for ships / vessels is a derived demand of commodities, the slowdown affected the demand for ships / vessels during this period.This has been evident from the movement of Baltic Dry Index (BDI), which is a daily weighted average of prices of shipping raw materials, and is one of the leading indicators of global economic activity. BDI measures the demand to move raw materials, which indicates production, planning and industrial activity worldwide. BDI reflects the freight cost to transport dry bulk cargoes around the world, mainly raw materials such as iron ore, coal, and grains. The index excludes wet cargoes (such as crude oil carried by t ankers) and container business (used mainly to carry manufactured products). As the global trade shrunk by over 10%, many shipping lines found themselves in a situation of excess capacity (many liners ordered new ships during the economic boom period).Some analysts predicted that at least few shipping lines would go out of business to match with the supply demand situation. However, it is believed that shipping lines, in an informal arrangement, collectively reduced the capacity through slow steaming’ (spending more days in sea, which helped them to save on fuel and reduce capacity). It is estimated that slow-steaming could cut a liner’s capacity by around 5%. It is also believed that some shipping lines have teamed up to levy a voluntary surcharge of US $ 400 per container. Both the Federal Maritime Commission (USA) and the European Monitoring Agency are closely monitoring the developments to see any evidence of price fixing by shipping liners. Maritime Transport and Climate Change ChallengeLike other economic sectors, maritime transport, which by volume carries over 80% of global trade, has a role to play in addressing formidable challenge of climate change. International maritime transport is playing a part in contributing to climate change, but more importantly, it is also likely to be directly and indirectly impacted by the various climate change factors, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events and rising temperatures. The wide-ranging impacts of climate change, including that from maritime transport, and their potential implications for trade, economic growth and development, underscore the need to integrate climate considerations into strategies for transport planning and development.Increasingly, it is being recognized that considered and concerted actions are urgently required to ensure effective control of greenhouse gas emissions and to establish the requisite adaptive capacity in the shipping industry, especially in developi ng countries. Recognizing the importance for the maritime transport sector of contributing to global efforts at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) is considering a number of mitigation measures aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from international shipping. Integration of Shipping Industry with Global Logistics and Supply Chains Global shipping majors, like other segments of the conventional transport industry, are increasingly getting integrated with the emerging global logistics and supply chain activities, owing to both external and internal dynamics.Many firms are entering into the enhanced canvas of offering logistics solutions, such as door-to-door delivery systems, integrating with rail/road haulage movements of cargo, customs brokerage, cargo consolidation, packaging/ re-packaging, and distribution services, thereby substantially consolidating their market position, and supplementing their ocean fr eight income. The global shipping industry is thus going through a major redefinition by undertaking logistic integration of their cargo operations. Change in Directions in Trade Volume Multi-polarity of trade flows, and the growth in trade volumes of Asian region is expected to impact the world shipping, as profoundly done by liner shipping and containerized cargo some decades ago.The earlier phase of trade volume witnessed shipping growth in Transatlantic and Transpacific routes, and the growing volume of world trade, especially from Asia, is likely to position the Pacific Rim and Indian Ocean Rim routes in the lime light. Common Port to Specialist Port Ports have been conventionally viewed as provider of omnibus solution to all types of cargo on a common basis. However, the global trend is veering into development of freight specialized ports – such as LNG terminals, container terminals that involve high capital costs and intensive deployment of cargo handling equipment. Also, there has been a global trend in the port sector towards growing separation of port authority from port operator.The balance of power in the maritime trade, which was traditionally in favor of shipping lines, has been shifting in favor of shipper, whose cargo is being moved. With such emerging trends in port development in the world, shipping companies are expected to change their strategies and offer solutions to suit such trends. Growth in Establishment of Transshipment Terminals Growth in long distance and containerized trade has led to the growth in establishment of transshipment hubs. It is not possible to establish direct shipping connections between every country because either there may not be enough volume, or the ports may be located distantly from each other. Therefore, a set of direct or transshipment connections are required to link all country pairs by maritime shipping.For this purpose, the transshipment terminals and intermediate hubs have been started. The wor ld’s most important intermediate hub is ingapore, where 92% of its traffic is transshipped. The emergence of major intermediate hubs favored a concentraStion of large vessels along long-distance, high capacity routes, while smaller ports can be serviced with lower capacity ships. Consequently, the emergence of intermediate hubs has permitted liner services that would otherwise be economically unfeasible. Port Regionalization Ports, especially large gateways, are facing a wide array of local constraints that impair their growth and efficiency. Limited availability of land for expansion is among one of the most acute problems.This issue is exacerbated by the deepwater requirements for handling larger ships. Port regionalization is required when the ports are not able to handle additional traffic. Port regionalization refers to integration between maritime and inland transport systems, particularly by using rail and barge transportation, which are less prone to congestion than r oad transportation. Port regionalization and hinterland connectivity has been growing over the years, with the objective of meeting the constraints faced by ports. Port regionalization helps in creating a regional load centre network through joint development of a specific load centre and logistics platform in the hinterland.This has led to the development of corridors leaning on rail or barge services connecting to inland terminal facilities, which act either as satellite terminals, load centers or, less commonly, transmodal facilities. Many port authorities, terminal operators, commercial real estate developers and local/regional governments have been actively involved in the setting of such facilities. †¢ Satellite terminals: These are tend to be close to a port facility, but mainly at the periphery of its metropolitan area (often less than 100 km), since they mainly assume a service function to the seaport facilities. They accommodate additional traffic and undertake servic es that have become too expensive at the port, such as warehousing (e. g. empty containers) and distribution.Satellite terminals can also serve as load centers for local or regional markets, particularly if economic density is high, in which case they form a multi-terminal cluster with the main port they are connected to through regular rail or barge shuttle services. For gateways having a strong import component, a satellite terminal can also undertake transloading function in a significant manner, where the contents of maritime containers are transloaded into domestic containers or truckloads. †¢ Load centers: This refers to a major intermodal facility load center granting access to welldefined regional markets that include production and consumption functions. It commonly corresponds to a metropolitan area where a variety of †¢ Intermodal / transmodal facilities: These link large systems of freight circulation either through the same mode (e. g. ail terminals serve co ncomitantly intermodal, warehousing, distribution and logistics functions. These tend to take place in logistics parks and free trade zones (or foreign trade zones). The inland terminal is thus the point of collection or distribution of a regional market. The more extensive and diversified the market, the more important is the load center. If the load center has a good intermediary location, such as being along a major rail corridor, then freight distribution activities servicing an extended market will be present. -to-rail) or through intermodalism (e. g. rail-to-truck). In the latter case, the inland terminal assumes the role of a load center.The origin or the destination of the freight traffic tends to be elsewhere, particularly for transmodal freight. Current World Trade Situation World trade continued to recover in 2011, albeit at a much slower pace than in 2010. After a strong rebound of more than 14 per cent in 2010, the volume of world exports in goods decelerated visibly, t o 7 per cent, in 2011. The level of total world exports had fully recovered to its pre-crisis peak by the end of 2010, but it is estimated to be still below the long-term trend level by the end of 2011. As has been the case with the recovery of WGP, developing countries, particularly Asian economies with large shares in the trade of manufactured goods, led the recovery.While the level of trade in volume terms has already far surpassed the pre-crisis pe

Causes and Solutions of Car Accidents

Causes and Solutions of Car Accidents Introduction Car accidents are unexpected events that occur to motor vehicles causing damage of the vehicles, structures, fatalities and even death of the people in the vehicles. According to a research done by the United Nations, the rate of growth of accidents in the world continue to increase with over two million deaths and thirty million injuries reported annually.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Causes and Solutions of Car Accidents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The studies revealed that over seventy percent of the deaths that resulted from road accidents occurred in developing countries. These imply that automobile accidents are a major problem in developing counties stretching from regions of pacific Asia to many parts of Sub Sahara Africa which contribute to over fifty percent of these accidents. The numbers of vehicles continue increasing every year and governments are responding by constructing modern roads that can facilitate smooth transportation of goods and people so as to realize economic growth and reduce accidents which are increasing dramatically. In fact, car accident are ranked second to the major killer disease AIDS in terms of causing deaths and lose of property and resources. As a result, government policies to increase economic empowerment among the people are destructed by car accidents. Types of car accidents There are different classifications of road accidents depending on where the damage has been done on your vehicle. When a car hits another and there are minor damages on the vehicle, the accident is referred to as a rear impact car accident. An example of such an accident is when a vehicle hits another from the back due to failure of the brakes. When a car hits another for the side, the type of accident is referred to as side impact accident. It usually occurs when a vehicle enters another vehicles lane as a result of an abrupt stop and thereby skidding at a right angle. According to Abdelane (20), in the United States, more than a third of the accidents in the US are side impact accidents. When a vehicle hits another car or object in front it is said to have undergone head on collision. This type of accident not only happens to cars but also trains. This type of accident is commonly encountered by drunk drivers and those drivers who dose while driving. This type of accident is most likely to occur when a car enters a road from a wrong direction. When a car is involved in an accident and it turns in a manner that it lays on its side or roof, it is said to have had a roll over accident. This type of accident normally happens to tall tracks (Obenski, 3). Causes of car accidents There are several factors that cause road accidents which comprise the following: majority of the accidents occur due the rise in the number of road users who don’t obey traffic rules, drivers who drive their cars carelessly and disobedience of the rules of traffic; the nature of the roads is also a major cause of road accidents.Advertising Looking for report on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The nature of infrastructure, construction of bridges which do not meet safety standards leading to defects on the road like potholes; improper maintenance of motor vehicles by the owners have caused many accidents. Some of the accidents that arise due to poor maintenance are due to failure of the breaks, improper alignment of the wheels thereby causing bursting, mechanical problems associated with the wheel, and failure of the headlights (Abdelane, 54). Bad weather also contributes to the rise in the motor vehicle accidents. On a misty day, visibility on the road can be very bad. Cars on the road may end up colliding due to the failure of the drivers to notice vehicles in the front or back due to poor weather conditions. Other conditions of the weather that can lead to accid ents growth is the presence of unexpected floods and ice on the roads. These factors may make drivers notice their opponents late hence leading to collisions. Drivers may at times encounter distractions on the road as they drive, which may be within or outside the car. Some of the incidents arising from this error are when the attention of the driver is focused on a phone or a mirror or an interesting event outside the car while the car is in motion. It therefore follows that, anything causing the driver to concentrate outside the road is dangerous to the safety of the vehicle. Sometimes, the designers of the roads may do a shoddy job in designing the road. This could be due to poor placements of the traffic controls like inappropriate placements of the traffic signs so that the view of the incoming traffic is blocked at risky corners of busy roads. In most cases, accidents arising from poor design are compensated by the government implying that both the owners of the vehicles and t he State share the losses (Livneh, 99). Solutions to car accidents Brumitt (66) argued out that several measures can be adopted to ensure that there is reduction in the number of accidents. A lot of these measures have to do with government involvement in designing policies that guide road users but individual people must also take collective responsibility to avoid traffic offences. Governments should establish bodies that oversee the overall implementation of set up policies like the National Road Safety Committee. The responsibility of the committee should target the following areas of concern: pile up pressure on all government departments and ministries to ensure that they give out guidelines that aim to minimize car accidents. The committee should ensure that the lives of people are protected as well as protection of property from any losses arising from road accidents. Another effective control measure that can be taken to ensure that road accidents are reduced drastically is by keeping an accurate data base of the accidents and their causes so that it can be used to devise means of minimizing them. The records of the accident data system should be exact and consistent with assistance from established data collection systems.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Causes and Solutions of Car Accidents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By incorporating safety control measures in the school curriculum in the primary school level, a great deal will be reached in instilling safety measures to the younger generation so that they can acquire discipline of road safety measures right from initial stages of their lives to adulthood. The authorities should ensure that only drivers who have been trained and certified drive on the road. In addition the authorities should ensure that people caught disobeying traffic rules are seriously punished by the law so as to instill discipline among the people (Brumi tt, 122). Conclusion Finally, in order to attain excellent safety measures that will reduce accidents significantly, the government has to commit itself to provide funding to road safety, the private sector has to commit itself to offering technical assistance and people have to commit themselves to the safety measures. Abdelane,Evans. Braking Deceleration of Motorcycle Riders: International Motorcycle Safety Conference. Oxford: Oxford University, March 1- 4, 2001. Brumitt, Meyers. â€Å"The Accident Reconstruction Network.† (2007). https://www.smartmotorist.com/what-causes-car-accidents Livneh, Ceder. Relationships between road accidents and hourly traffic flow: Accident Analysis and Prevention. New Yolk: February 22, 2008. Obenski, Kuyt. â€Å"National Transportation Safety Board.† (2006). Web.Advertising Looking for report on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source Evaluation Report Road accidents are becoming a major disaster in the world. According to Abdelane of Oxford University, â€Å"over one million people die and approximately thirty million get injuries as a result of road accidents in the world.† He also adds that â€Å"road accidents are identified as the second major killer of the human population after AIDS.† Brumitt a research analyst at Bristol University, conducted a research and found out that road accidents are caused by road users who don’t obey traffic rules, poor infrastructure of the roads and defects on the vehicles such as break failure and tire bursts. According to Obenski of the National Transportation Safety Board, several factors cause road accidents and there is no particular sequence: it can be due to over speeding, lack of attention, cell phones and other distracters, ignorance, lack of proper training and poor maintenance of the vehicles. Livneh and his colleagues analyzed solutions o f road accidents and suggested that â€Å"the effective solutions require the coordinated efforts of governments, international organizations and agencies, local authorities and good citizenship.† â€Å"Road accidents are unavoidable† says Livneh. â€Å"But risks of road accidents can be reduced by simple precautions and thinking ahead.†

The components of HRM's success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The components of HRM's success - Essay Example Despite Guest’s hesitancy in concluding that HRM contributes to organisational performance, other scholars provided an empirical link between HRM strategies, policies and practices and certain aspects of individual and organisational performance (Liu et al., 2007; Nohria, Groysberg and Lee, 2008; Huselid, 1995: 635; Wall and Wood, 2005: 430; Pfeffer; and Pfeffer and Veiga 1999). This paper aims to determine HRM issues and to offer some solutions. After reviewing several studies, including opposing ones, HRM systems, policies, and practices are believed to drive company performance through shaping recruitment, selection, and retention strategies that develop engaged and creative employee, who can serve as one of the company’s sustainable competitive advantages. The role of human resource systems in strategic recruitment cannot be undermined (Liu et al., 2007). Recruitment should not be dismissed as something that can easily be outsourced to other parties because recruitm ent strategy should meet existing HR strategy goals. Walker, Bernerth and Tocher (2009) studied job seekers’ organisational attitudes at different phases of the recruitment process by evaluating the interactions among the variables of job seekers’ procedural justice anticipations, procedural justice perceptions and preliminary screening feedback quality. After using two phases of data collection that included 392 participants in phase 1 and 351 in phase 2, findings showed that participants who were engaged in the recruitment process with high procedural justice expectations were more affected by initial screening feedback quality than those with low justice expectations (Walker et al., 2009: 5). Procedural justice perceptions throughout the preliminary screening affected their organisational attitudes (Walker et al., 2009: 5). These authors concluded that how firms recruit candidates can affect the quality of perceptions regarding the organisation (Walker et al., 2009: 6). Rehman (2012) affirmed the same findings for his empirical work on the recruitment efforts of public sector organisations in Pakistan. He discovered that organisations with poor promotion and governance systems tend to recruit fewer competent applicants and tend to have higher turnover rates. Managers must be clear in explaining what they expect from their employees and what employees can expect from the organisation, in terms of rewards, culture and other organisational and managerial factors. HRM managers who carefully carve the right organisational image and job expectations for its employees during the recruitment process can hire high-performing employees than those who do not care on the image and expectations they provide to applicants. HRM affects individual performance through its recruitment strategies because they influence individual decisions through organisational factors, which when affirmed through hiring, can result to employee job satisfaction and retention. H an and Han (2009) explored the relationship between hiring perceptions and retention and found a correlation between the two. Another studies emphasised that in recruiting the right people, job experience, skills, and personality are critical. Newman and Lyon (2009)